The Neuroscience of Attachment: Understanding How Early Bonds Influence Adult Relationships
The Neuroscience of Attachment: Understanding How Early Bonds Influence Adult Relationships
Explore how early attachment experiences shape adult relationships. Learn how understanding the neuroscience of attachment can transform resentment into empathy and strengthen your connections.
Can You Relate?
Have you ever found yourself reacting strongly to your partner’s seemingly minor habits? Perhaps a forgotten text or a missed call triggers feelings of abandonment or anger. These intense reactions may not be about the present moment but are rooted in early attachment experiences.
Understanding the neuroscience of attachment provides insights into why we respond the way we do in relationships. By exploring these patterns, we can move from cycles of resentment to deeper empathy and connection.
The Foundations of Attachment
Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby, posits that early interactions with caregivers form “internal working models” that guide our expectations in relationships. These models influence how we perceive and respond to intimacy, trust, and conflict.
There are four primary attachment styles:
1. Secure Attachment: Characterized by comfort with intimacy and autonomy.
2. Anxious Attachment: Marked by a deep desire for closeness and fear of abandonment.
3. Avoidant Attachment: Involves discomfort with closeness and a preference for independence.
4. Disorganized Attachment: A combination of anxious and avoidant behaviors, often resulting from trauma.
These styles are not fixed and can evolve with self-awareness and therapeutic intervention.
Neuroscience and Attachment
Our brains are wired to seek connection. The limbic system, particularly the amygdala, plays a crucial role in processing emotions and memories related to attachment. When early attachment needs are unmet, the brain may become hypersensitive to perceived threats in relationships.
For instance, the amygdala can trigger a fight-or-flight response when it senses danger, even if the threat is emotional rather than physical. This response can manifest as heightened anxiety or withdrawal in adult relationships.
Neurotransmitters like oxytocin, often called the “love hormone,” facilitate bonding and trust. However, early attachment disruptions can affect oxytocin pathways, making it challenging to form secure connections later in life.
Recognizing Attachment Triggers
Understanding your attachment style can help identify triggers in relationships. Common triggers include:
– Perceived Rejection: Not receiving a timely response to messages.
– Loss of Connection: Feeling ignored or unimportant.
– Fear of Abandonment: Partner spending time with others.
These triggers often stem from past experiences and may not reflect the current relationship’s reality.
Transforming Resentment into Empathy
Resentment can erode relationships, but understanding its roots can lead to healing. Here’s how:
1. Self-Awareness: Recognize your attachment style and how it influences your reactions.
2 Open Communication: Share your feelings and fears with your partner without blame.
3. Therapeutic Support: Engage in therapy to explore and heal past attachment wounds.
4. Mindfulness Practices: Develop techniques to stay present and reduce emotional reactivity.
By addressing the underlying causes of resentment, couples can foster empathy and strengthen their bond.
Embodied Wellness and Recovery: Your Partner in Healing
At Embodied Wellness and Recovery, we specialize in helping individuals and couples navigate the complexities of attachment and relationships. Our approach integrates neuroscience, somatic therapy, and mindfulness to address trauma and foster secure connections.
Through personalized therapy sessions, we help clients understand their attachment styles, recognize triggers, and develop healthier relationship patterns.
From Resentment to Empathy
Attachment styles, shaped by early experiences, profoundly influence adult relationships. By delving into the neuroscience of attachment, individuals can gain insights into their behaviors and emotions, transforming resentment into empathy. With awareness, communication, and support, it’s possible to build secure, fulfilling relationships.
Contact us today to schedule a free 20-minute consultation with our team of top-rated therapists, relationship experts, trauma specialists, or somatic practitioners. Your story is unique and ever-changing. Allow us to guide you towards emotional clarity and support your healing process.
📞 Call us at (310) 651-8458
📱 Text us at (310) 210-7934
📩 Email us at admin@embodiedwellnessandrecovery.com
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References
– Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. Basic Books.
– Cozolino, L. (2006). The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain. W. W. Norton & Company.
– Tatkin, S. (2012). Wired for Love: How Understanding Your Partner’s Brain and Attachment Style Can Help You Defuse Conflict and Build a Secure Relationship. New Harbinger Publications.
Beyond Communication Skills: Why Emotional Regulation Is the Real Key to Conflict Resolution
Beyond Communication Skills: Why Emotional Regulation Is the Real Key to Conflict Resolution
Discover how emotional regulation and co-regulation techniques can transform conflict resolution in relationships, moving beyond traditional communication strategies.
Can You Relate?
Have you ever found yourself stuck in repetitive arguments with your partner, wondering why the same issues keep resurfacing despite your best efforts to communicate effectively? Traditional advice often emphasizes using “I-statements” and active listening. While these tools are valuable, they may not address the underlying emotional dynamics that fuel conflicts.
At Embodied Wellness and Recovery, we understand that the root of many relational conflicts lies not just in communication breakdowns but in emotional dysregulation. By focusing on emotional regulation and co-regulation, couples can navigate conflicts more effectively, fostering deeper connection and understanding.
The Limitations of Traditional Communication Strategies
Standard communication techniques, such as “I-statements” and reflective listening, are designed to promote clarity and reduce defensiveness. However, during heated moments, these strategies can fall short. When emotions run high, the brain’s prefrontal cortex, the area responsible for rational thinking, can become overwhelmed, making it difficult to process information logically.
In such states, even the most well-intentioned communication tools may fail to de-escalate the situation. This is where emotional regulation becomes crucial.
Understanding Emotional Regulation and Co-Regulation
Emotional Regulation refers to the ability to manage and respond to emotional experiences in a healthy way. It involves recognizing emotional triggers, understanding the resulting feelings, and employing strategies to modulate emotional responses.
Co-regulation is the process by which individuals in a relationship influence and help regulate each other’s emotional states. In close relationships, partners can serve as external regulators, providing comfort and stability during times of stress.
By developing skills in both emotional regulation and co-regulation, couples can create a supportive environment that mitigates conflict and enhances intimacy.
The Neuroscience Behind Emotional Regulation
Neuroscientific research has shown that emotional regulation is linked to the brain’s prefrontal cortex, which governs decision-making and impulse control. During conflicts, heightened emotional arousal can impair this region’s functioning, leading to reactive behaviors.
Practicing emotional regulation techniques can strengthen neural pathways associated with self-control and empathy, enabling individuals to respond to conflicts with greater composure and understanding.
Practical Somatic Tools for Emotional Regulation
Mindful Breathing: Engage in deep, diaphragmatic breathing to activate the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting relaxation and reducing stress.
Progressive Muscle Relaxation: Systematically tense and relax muscle groups to release physical tension associated with emotional stress.
Grounding Exercises: Focus on physical sensations, such as feeling your feet on the ground, to anchor yourself in the present moment.
Body Scanning: Pay attention to bodily sensations to identify areas of tension and consciously relax them.
Physical Movement: Engage in activities like walking or stretching to dissipate built-up emotional energy.
These somatic practices can help individuals regulate their emotional states, making it easier to approach conflicts with clarity and calmness.
Co-Regulation Strategies for Couples
Mindful Breathing: Engage in deep, diaphragmatic breathing to activate the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting relaxation and reducing stress.
Progressive Muscle Relaxation: Systematically tense and relax muscle groups to release physical tension associated with emotional stress.
Grounding Exercises: Focus on physical sensations, such as feeling your feet on the ground, to anchor yourself in the present moment.
Body Scanning: Pay attention to bodily sensations to identify areas of tension and consciously relax them.
Physical Movement: Engage in activities like walking or stretching to dissipate built-up emotional energy.
Implementing these co-regulation techniques can help couples navigate conflicts more effectively, reducing emotional reactivity and fostering mutual support.
Embodied Wellness and Recovery: Supporting Your Journey
At Embodied Wellness and Recovery, we specialize in helping individuals and couples develop emotional regulation and co-regulation skills. Our approach integrates somatic therapy, neuroscience, and relational techniques to address the underlying emotional patterns that contribute to conflict.
By working with our experienced therapists, couples can cultivate a deeper understanding of their emotional dynamics, leading to more harmonious and fulfilling relationships.
Conclusion
While effective communication is essential in relationships, it is not sufficient on its own to resolve conflicts. Emotional regulation and co-regulation are foundational skills that enable couples to manage emotional arousal and respond to challenges with empathy and composure.
By embracing these practices, couples can move beyond surface-level communication strategies and build resilient, connected partnerships.
Reach out today to schedule a free 20-minute consultation with our team of top-rated therapists, somatic practitioners, trauma specialists, or relationship experts. Discover how we can help you feel more emotionally aligned and embodied, and support your healing together.
📞 Call us at (310) 651-8458
📱 Text us at (310) 210-7934
📩 Email us at admin@embodiedwellnessandrecovery.com
🔗 Visit us at www.embodiedwellnessandrecovery.com
👉 Check us out on Instagram @embodied_wellness_and_recovery
🌍 Explore our offerings at Linktr.ee: https://linktr.ee/laurendummit
References
– Coan, J. A. (2008). Toward a Neuroscience of Attachment. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications (2nd ed., pp. 241–265). Guilford Press.
– Porges, S. W. (2011). The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-Regulation. W. W. Norton & Company.
– Siegel, D. J. (1999). The Developing Mind: How Relationships and the Brain Interact to Shape Who We Are. Guilford Press.
Resentment Is a Signal: Decoding the Emotional Message Behind the Bitterness
Resentment Is a Signal: Decoding the Emotional Message Behind the Bitterness
Explore how resentment in relationships serves as a vital indicator of unmet needs, internalized narratives, and misaligned relational expectations. Learn how to interpret this emotion constructively and foster deeper connection and understanding.
Resentment, a Silent Undercurrent
Resentment often surfaces in relationships as a silent undercurrent, manifesting through passive-aggressive comments, emotional withdrawal, or simmering frustration. While commonly perceived as a negative emotion to be suppressed or eliminated, resentment can actually serve as a valuable signal, highlighting deeper issues that require attention.
At Embodied Wellness and Recovery, we recognize resentment not as a flaw but as an informative emotion that, when understood, can lead to profound personal and relational growth.
The Neuroscience Behind Resentment
Through the lens of neuroscience, resentment activates the brain's stress response system, particularly the amygdala and hypothalamus. This activation leads to heightened vigilance and a sense of threat, even in non-threatening situations. Over time, this can result in increased anxiety, irritability, and a pervasive sense of insecurity within the relationship. Understanding this physiological response highlights the importance of addressing resentment not just emotionally, but also somatically, by acknowledging how it manifests in the body.
Recognizing the Signs of Resentment
Identifying resentment early can prevent it from festering and causing deeper relational rifts. Common indicators include:
– Emotional Withdrawal: Pulling away from intimacy or shared activities.
– Passive-Aggressive Behavior: Expressing negative feelings indirectly through sarcasm or backhanded comments.
– Persistent Irritation: Feeling consistently annoyed or frustrated with your partner over minor issues.
– Negative Internal Dialogue: Harboring thoughts that cast your partner in a consistently negative light.
– Misaligned Expectations: Discrepancies between what we expect from our partners and what they deliver can lead to chronic dissatisfaction and resentment.
Acknowledging these signs is the first step toward addressing the underlying causes of resentment.
Transforming Resentment into Insight
Rather than suppressing resentment, consider it an invitation to explore deeper emotional truths. Here's how to approach this transformation:
1. Identify Unmet Needs
Reflect on what specific needs are not being met in the relationship. Is it emotional support, physical affection, or shared responsibilities? Clearly articulating these needs can guide constructive conversations with your partner.
2. Examine Internal Narratives
Assess the stories you tell yourself about your partner's actions. Are these narratives based on evidence, or do past experiences and insecurities influence them? Challenging these narratives can open the door to empathy and understanding.
3. Clarify Expectations
Openly discuss your expectations with your partner. Ensure that both of you have a mutual understanding of each other's needs and boundaries. This alignment can prevent future misunderstandings and resentment.
Strategies for Addressing Resentment
Implementing practical strategies can help mitigate resentment and foster a healthier relationship dynamic:
– Open Communication: Engage in honest, non-confrontational dialogues about your feelings and needs.
– Active Listening: Truly hear your partner's perspective without immediately formulating a response.
– Therapeutic Support: Consider couples therapy to navigate complex emotions and improve relational patterns.
– Self-Reflection: Regularly assess your own behaviors and attitudes that may contribute to relational tension.
These approaches can create a foundation for mutual respect and emotional safety.
Embodied Wellness and Recovery: Guiding You Through Emotional Complexity
At Embodied Wellness and Recovery, we specialize in helping individuals and couples navigate the complex landscape of emotions, such as resentment. Our integrative approach combines somatic therapy, neuroscience-informed practices, and relational counseling to address the root causes of emotional distress.
We believe that by understanding the messages behind emotions, clients can achieve greater self-awareness, improved communication, and deeper intimacy in their relationships.
Resentment as a Cue
Resentment, while often viewed negatively, holds the potential to illuminate areas of personal and relational growth. By approaching it with curiosity and compassion, individuals can uncover unmet needs, challenge unhelpful narratives, and realign relational expectations. This journey, though challenging, can lead to more authentic and fulfilling connections.
Reach out today to schedule a free 20-minute consultation with our team of top-rated therapists, relationship experts, somatic practitioners, or trauma specialists to begin working towards greater self-awareness and healthier relationships. Let us help you and your partner transform resentment into clarity, emotional regulation, andauthentic connection.
📞 Call us at (310) 651-8458
📱 Text us at (310) 210-7934
📩 Email us at admin@embodiedwellnessandrecovery.com
🔗 Visit us at www.embodiedwellnessandrecovery.com
👉 Check us out on Instagram @embodied_wellness_and_recovery
🌍 Explore our offerings at Linktr.ee: https://linktr.ee/laurendummit
References
– Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does Rejection Hurt? An fMRI Study of Social Exclusion. Science, 302(5643), 290-292.
– Breitenstein, J. (2022). When Your Internal Narratives Sabotage Your Relationships.
– Mindfulness Center. (n.d.). Resentment & Unmet Needs.
– Vox Mental Health. (n.d.). Unmet Needs in Relationships | Attachment Theory.
From Co-Existence to Co-Creation: Reimagining Partnership as a Living, Breathing Work of Art
From Co-Existence to Co-Creation: Reimagining Partnership as a Living, Breathing Work of Art
Feeling stuck in your relationship? Discover how to transform stagnation into vibrant connection by reimagining your partnership as a dynamic, creative collaboration.
From Novelty to Stagnation
In the early stages of a relationship, passion and novelty often come effortlessly. Over time, however, many couples find themselves settling into routines, leading to feelings of stagnation and disconnection. At Embodied Wellness and Recovery, we believe that relationships can evolve beyond mere coexistence into co-creation, a dynamic, intentional partnership that fosters growth, intimacy, and shared purpose.
The Neuroscience of Connection
Understanding the brain's role in relationships can illuminate why stagnation occurs and how to counteract it. Neurochemicals like oxytocin and dopamine play crucial roles in bonding and pleasure. Oxytocin, often called the "love hormone," promotes feelings of trust and attachment, while dopamine is associated with reward and motivation. Engaging in new, shared experiences can stimulate these chemicals, reinforcing connection and excitement..
Recognizing Stagnation in Your Relationship
Signs that your relationship may be in a state of co-existence include:
— Routine Conversations: Discussions revolve around logistics rather than emotional connection.
— Lack of Physical Intimacy: Touch and affection have diminished.
— Emotional Distance: You feel more like roommates than romantic partners.
— Absence of Shared Goals: There's little collaboration on future plans or dreams.
Acknowledging these patterns is the first step toward transformation.
Transitioning to Co-Creation
Moving from co-existence to co-creation involves intentional actions and mindset shifts:
1. Cultivate Curiosity
Approach your partner with genuine interest. Ask open-ended questions about their thoughts, feelings, and aspirations. This fosters deeper understanding and connection.
2. Engage in Novel Experiences Together
Trying new activities as a couple can reignite excitement and stimulate bonding neurochemicals. Consider taking a class, traveling to a new destination, or exploring a shared hobby.
3. Establish Shared Goals
Collaborate on setting mutual objectives, whether they're related to personal growth, health, finances, or other areas. Working toward common goals reinforces partnership and purpose.
4. Practice Mindful Communication
Engage in active listening and express appreciation regularly. Mindful communication strengthens emotional intimacy and trust.
5. Seek Professional Support
Therapy can provide tools and insights to navigate challenges and deepen your connection. At Embodied Wellness and Recovery, we specialize in helping couples transform their relationships through evidence-based approaches.
Embracing the Journey
Reimagining your relationship as a co-creative endeavor is an ongoing process. It requires commitment, vulnerability, and a willingness to grow together. By embracing this mindset, couples can move beyond stagnation and cultivate a vibrant, fulfilling partnership.
If your relationship feels more like a routine than a romance, it's time to infuse it with creativity and intention. At Embodied Wellness and Recovery, we specialize in helping couples transition from mere coexistence to vibrant co-creation. Through our integrative approach, we help partners rediscover connection, foster intimacy, and build a shared vision for the future. Schedule a free 20-minute consultation with our expert team today and embark on a journey toward a more fulfilling relationship.
📞 Call us at (310) 651-8458
📱 Text us at (310) 210-7934
📩 Email us at admin@embodiedwellnessandrecovery.com
🔗 Visit us at www.embodiedwellnessandrecovery.com
👉 Check us out on Instagram @embodied_wellness_and_recovery
🌍 Explore our offerings at Linktr.ee: https://linktr.ee/laurendummit
References
— Brides. (2024). 15 Ways to Reconnect With Your Partner and Rekindle the Spark in Your Relationship. Retrieved from https://www.brides.com/how-reconnect-with-partner-8733400
— Harvard Medical School. (n.d.). Love and the Brain.
— Self. (2007). 4 Steps to Sparking a Love Reaction.
The New Rules of Love: How Ethical Non-Monogamy Can Transform Your Relationship
The New Rules of Love: How Ethical Non-Monogamy Can Transform Your Relationship
Curious about open relationships or ethical non-monogamy? Learn about the neuroscience of desire, risks and benefits, and the emotional skills necessary to thrive in non-traditional relationship structures. Discover how Embodied Wellness and Recovery supports individuals and couples exploring conscious intimacy.
Exploring Open Relationships and Ethical Non-Monogamy: A Neuroscience-Informed Guide to Fulfilling Connection
Have you ever found yourself questioning whether monogamy is right for you? Do you feel conflicted about loving your partner yet desiring connection with others? Are you and your partner struggling to meet all of each other's emotional and sexual needs? If so, you're not alone.
In today's evolving relationship landscape, more people are openly exploring ethical non-monogamy (ENM) as a pathway to expanded intimacy and authentic self-expression. Open relationships offer an opportunity to step outside conventional norms and engage in multiple romantic or sexual partnerships—with consent, honesty, and intentionality.
But while the promise of deeper fulfillment is alluring, ENM also comes with its own challenges and emotional risks. At Embodied Wellness and Recovery, we support individuals and couples navigating non-traditional dynamics by helping them understand the neuroscience behind desire and attachment, build skills for emotional regulation, and cultivate healthy boundaries and communication.
What Is Ethical Non-Monogamy?
Ethical non-monogamy is a relationship style in which individuals engage in consensual, non-exclusive romantic or sexual relationships. Common types include:
– Open relationships (one or both partners have other sexual partners)
– Polyamory (multiple loving relationships)
– Swinging (usually recreational sex with others, often together)
– Relationship anarchy (non-hierarchical, fluid relationship structures)
Unlike infidelity, ENM is grounded in transparency, consent, and ongoing communication.
Why Explore an Open Relationship?
For many, monogamy can feel restrictive—especially if one partner cannot meet all of the other's emotional, sexual, or intellectual needs. Some common reasons individuals explore ENM include:
– A desire for sexual variety without ending a committed partnership
– Emotional fulfillment through multiple deep connections
– Seeking self-growth and authenticity
– Aligning with personal values around freedom and autonomy
The human brain is wired for novelty and connection. Neuroscience shows that dopamine, the brain's "reward" neurotransmitter, spikes with new romantic or sexual experiences (Fisher et al., 2016). This can create excitement and enhance vitality but can also lead to dysregulation if not anchored in conscious relationship agreements.
The Emotional Risks of Ethical Non-Monogamy
While the potential for increased fulfillment exists, open relationships also carry emotional risks that should not be ignored:
– Jealousy and insecurity
– Feelings of rejection or abandonment
– Attachment wounds resurfacing
– Complicated power dynamics
– Increased need for emotional self-regulation
These experiences are not a sign that you're doing ENM "wrong"—they are natural responses rooted in our nervous systems. The brain's limbic system, particularly the amygdala, is wired to detect threats to connection, which can make navigating multiple attachments particularly complex.
At Embodied Wellness and Recovery, we support clients in learning to track these emotional responses somatically—recognizing where the body holds fear, insecurity, or desire—and developing mindfulness tools to stay grounded in the face of relational intensity.
Qualities Necessary to Make Open Relationships Work
To thrive in ethical non-monogamy, individuals and couples must cultivate:
1. Secure Attachment
A foundation of trust and emotional safety is crucial. Partners need to feel secure in their bond to withstand the vulnerabilities that come with ENM.
2. Emotional Regulation
Jealousy is inevitable. The question is not if it will arise but how you respond to it. Practices like breathwork, somatic tracking, and nervous system co-regulation help reduce reactivity.
3. Radical Honesty
ENM requires ongoing communication about needs, boundaries, and feelings. Transparency is a non-negotiable.
4. Compassionate Curiosity
Being open to your partner’s desires without taking them personally allows for growth. This means exploring your triggers with curiosity, not criticism.
5. Clear Agreements and Boundaries
What is allowed and what isn’t? Clarity around physical, emotional, and time-based boundaries can reduce misunderstandings and prevent harm.
What to Ask Yourself Before Entering ENM
– Am I seeking ENM from a place of wholeness or escape?
– What needs am I hoping to meet that I can’t currently access?
– Have I explored these needs with my current partner?
– How do I typically respond to jealousy or insecurity?
– Do I have a support system or therapist who can help me navigate the emotional terrain?
ENM and the Brain: A Neuroscientific Perspective
Our brains are complex social organs. While novelty can trigger pleasure through dopamine, deeper emotional connections activate oxytocin—the bonding hormone (Zhang et al., 2019). Successfully practicing ENM requires balancing these neurochemical systems.
Without mindful integration, chasing novelty can lead to emotional burnout. That’s why nervous system regulation and somatic awareness are foundational to this work.
How Embodied Wellness and Recovery Can Help
Whether you’re curious about ENM or actively navigating its complexities, our therapists at Embodied Wellness and Recovery offer:
– Couples therapy focused on deepening connection and clarifying agreements
– Somatic therapy to help you track and regulate emotions
– Sex therapy to address desire discrepancies and sexual shame
– Attachment-focused EMDR for healing relational trauma
– Safe spaces for processing jealousy, grief, and identity expansion
We work with individuals of all identities, orientations, and relationship styles to help you explore conscious intimacy in a way that aligns with your values and nervous system capacity.
Freedom with Integrity
Ethical non-monogamy can offer a profound opportunity for connection, growth, and expanded intimacy. But it isn’t a shortcut to fulfillment—and it’s certainly not a fix for a fractured relationship. It requires emotional maturity, intentional agreements, and a deep commitment to inner work.
If you’re struggling with the perceived limitations of monogamy, you don’t have to suffer in silence or feel ashamed of your desires. There is a path to relational freedom that honors both self-expression and emotional responsibility.
At Embodied Wellness and Recovery, we’re here to walk with you. Reach out today to schedule a free 20-minute consultation with our team of top-rated relationship experts and sex therapists.
📞 Call us at (310) 651-8458
📱 Text us at (310) 210-7934
📩 Email us at admin@embodiedwellnessandrecovery.com
🔗 Visit us at www.embodiedwellnessandrecovery.com
👉 Check us out on Instagram @embodied_wellness_and_recovery
🌍 Explore our offerings at Linktr.ee: https://linktr.ee/laurendummit
📚 References
Fisher, H., Aron, A., & Brown, L. L. (2016). Romantic Love: A Mammalian Brain System for Mate Choice. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1476), 2173–2186.
Moors, A. C., Matsick, J. L., Ziegler, A., Rubin, J. D., & Conley, T. D. (2021). Moving Past the Stigma: Ethical Non-monogamy is More Common Than You Think. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 38(11), 3083–3106.
Zhang, G., Stackman, R. W., & Fan, W. (2019). The Role of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Social Behavior and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 107, 537–548.